Legacy of science and civilization

Religion

Both the kindness and cruelty of nature made humans think about religion and supernatural power. In India, Brahmanism, Dharma or Hinduism developed in an influential form in the earlier period. It also influenced society with art and literature. Jainism and Buddhism also emerged in India along with Brahmanical religion. Buddhism also gradually disappeared from this country, although it had spread to Japan in the east and to Central Asia in the northwest. Jainism remained in India and continued to inspire the development of art and literature here. Even today the followers of this religion are quite numerous, especially among the merchant classes, in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Karnataka.

Chromatic system

The influence of religion in India led to the formation of special types of social classes. The alphabetical rules in India were supported by both the state and religion. The duties of the four classes of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras were superseded by law, and it was believed that this varna system was fixed by divine power. Gradually both Kanun and Dharma changed classes and castes from karmic to natal or hereditary. All this was done so that the Vaishyas would continue to produce and pay taxes and keep on shudra wages so that the Brahmins would remain in the rank of priests and on the principle of division of labor and occupation in the post of Kshatriya rulers, this marvelous dynasty in the initial stage Must have helped in social and economic development.

Varna system was also involved in the development of the state. Both the productive class and the working class, namely, the Vaishyas and the Shudras, were disarmed, and gradually each caste was raised up against the other caste in such a way that the declared classes should not unite against the dominant classes. The result of which is dangerous. The people of the lower classes continued to perform their difficult duties with the conviction that in the next life they would be able to live a life of happiness.

As a result of this belief, there were very few fights between kings, priests, officers, fighters and great nobles, who produced them on the one hand, and those who fed them on the other. Therefore, direct action of bullying with lower classes was not very necessary in ancient India.

Ancient India is considered famous for its contribution in the field of philosophy and spirituality. But materialistic ideology about the world also developed in India. Among the six philosophical methods that emerged in India, we find the elements of the Philosophy philosophy, the founder of which Kapil was born in 580 BC. Took place around According to him, there are means of enlightenment. Direct, guess and word. Sankhyadarshana does not assume the existence of God. According to this, nature is created by God, not God. And the regulation of the world and human life is nature itself.

The biggest credit for solidifying the materialistic world is to Charvak, who took place around the sixth century BCE. The 'Parni' he founded is called Lokayat.He is of the opinion that a person who cannot experience by his senses does not really exist. This implies that God does not exist. But with the decline in trade, crafts and urbanization, suffragism became prominent in philosophy.

The suffragist philosophy states that the world is illusion and illusion. In the Upanishads, people have been preached to stay away from worldly matters and try to gain knowledge. Western thinkers have adopted the Upanishads. Because they are unable to solve the problems created by today's mechanical era.

Craft and technology

• The Indians were highly skilled in dyeing crafts and making different colors. The original colors made in India were so bright and solid that the seductive signs of Ajanta and Ellora are still alive.
• Similarly, the people of India were also extremely skilled in making steel. The art of steel making first developed in India. Indian steel exports to other countries began in ancient times.
• No other country in the world could make steel swords like the Indian artisans. From East Asia to Eastern Europe, these swords were heavily mowed.

Science and mathematics

• In ancient times, religion and science were intertwined. In this country, there was a lot of progress in astronomy, because the planets were considered to be deities and a deep observation of their movement started. Study of the planets also became necessary because they were related to changes in seasons and seasons, and information about these changes was necessary in the work of farming.
• Karana and linguistics originated because the Brahmin priests gave great importance to the purity of the utterances of the Vedas and the hymns.
• In fact, the first result of the scientific view of Indians in relation to language is found in the creation of Sanskrit grammar.
• Panini wrote a grammar which is popularly known as "Ashtadhyayi" in the fourth century BC, by systematically storing the rules of Sanskrit language.
• In the third century BC, the development of mathematics, astronomy and medicine started differently. Ancient Indians made three distinct contributions in the field of mathematics - marking method, decimal system and using zero.
• The earliest example of the spiritual method of Prayong is from the early fifth century CE. Arabs adopted the Indian marking system and spread it to the Western world. This alphabet was used in India centuries before it was propagated in Western countries. Its use is found in the records of Ashoka, written in the third century BC. Indian numerals in English are called Arabic numerals (Arabic Numerals).
• The Indian method was first used by Dashmik. Eminent mathematician Aryabhata (376-500 ६) was familiar with it.
• The Chinese learned this method from Buddhist evangelists, and the Western world learned the Aryans when they came in contact with India.
• Void was invented by Indians in the second century BC. Ever since it was invented, Indian mathematicians began to consider it as a separate number and in this way the use of zero began to be calculated.
• The use of zero in the Arab country is first found in 873 AD. The Arabs learned it from India and spread it to Europe.
• Both Indian and Greek have contributed to algebra, but their knowledge in Western Europe came not from Eunant, but from Arabia, which Arab had gained from India.
• Aryabhata figured out the rule of finding the area of ​​a triangle, which resulted in trigonometry. The most famous book of this period is "Suryasiddhanta". No other such work has been found in contemporary ancient east.
• Aryabhata and Varahamihira were two great scholars in astronomy. Aryabhata took place in the fifth century, and Varahamihira in the sixth century, Aryabhata calculated the status of Prahlinaipai method. He found out the reason for lunar eclipse and solar eclipse.
• He estimated the circumference of the Earth on the basis of estimates which are considered to be pure today. He told that the sun is fixed, the earth rotates.
• The name of Aryabhata's book is "Aryabhatiya". The famous work of Varahamihira is "Brihatsahita", it is from the sixth century AD.
• Varahamihir told that the moon revolves around the earth and the earth revolves around the sun. He took the help of many works of Greeks in the study of planetary communication and other astronomical problems. Although Indian astronomers drew from the knowledge of the Greeks, they carried this knowledge forward and used this knowledge in observing the motion of the planets.

Applied science

• Indian craftsmen contributed greatly to the progress of chemist. Indian painters developed sustainable colors and invented indigo. It has been told earlier that how the Indian blacksmiths made the first steel in the world.
• Medicine In ancient India, the Vaidyas studied anatomy (Anne Tommy). He devised methods to diagnose diseases and suggested medicine for treatment. In the second century of Christ, two great scholars of Ayurveda were born in India - Sushruta and Charaka. In his Sushruta Samhita, Sushruta described the treatment of motirabind, stones and many other diseases. Charaka Samhita of Charaka is an encyclopedia of Indian medicine. It describes many distinctions of fever, leprosy, epilepsy and tuberculosis.
• In ancient times, the ancient Indians gained some knowledge of the ocean voyage and made some contribution to the art of shipbuilding. But since the centers of major political powers were far from the seashore and there was no threat from the sea, the kings of ancient India did not pay special attention to shipping.